Document 0487
 DOCN  M9550487
 TI    Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency
       virus type-1 in mononuclear phagocytes.
 DT    9505
 AU    Connor RI; Chen BK; Choe S; Landau NR; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research
       Center, New York, New York 10016.
 SO    Virology. 1995 Feb 1;206(2):935-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95159447
 AB    HIV-1 vpr encodes a 96-amino acid, nuclear protein whose function is not
       well understood. Unlike the other lentivirus regulatory proteins, Vpr is
       present in virions at relatively high copy number. In cells, Vpr is
       localized to the nucleus. Possible functions for vpr consistent with
       these findings include the nuclear import of preintegration complexes,
       transactivation of cellular genes, or induction of cellular
       differentiation. We show here, using both replication competent,
       macrophage-tropic virus and a sensitive, single-cycle luciferase HIV-1
       reporter vector, that vpr is important for efficient viral replication
       in primary monocyte/macrophages, but appears to play no role in
       activated or resting T cell infection. The block to infection in
       monocytes was localized by PCR analysis of newly synthesized viral DNA
       and with the luciferase reporter vector to a stage in the viral life
       cycle after entry and reverse transcription, yet prior to, or at the
       time of, proviral transcription. In addition, infection of mononuclear
       phagocytes with virions that had been loaded with Vpr molecules in the
       producer cells by trans-complementation still showed a vpr-phenotype.
       These data suggest a role for vpr molecules produced in newly infected
       cells, in addition to its presumed function in the virion.
 DE    Animal  Base Sequence  Cell Line  Cercopithecus aethiops  Cloning,
       Molecular  Comparative Study  DNA Primers  DNA Replication/DRUG EFFECTS
       DNA, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS/DRUG EFFECTS  Gene Products, vpr/*METABOLISM
       *Genes, vpr  Hela Cells  Human  HIV-1/DRUG EFFECTS/GENETICS/*PHYSIOLOGY
       Kinetics  Lymphocyte Transformation  Lymphocytes/VIROLOGY
       Macrophages/VIROLOGY  Molecular Sequence Data  Monocytes/*VIROLOGY
       Mutagenesis  Plasmids  Polymerase Chain Reaction  Reverse Transcriptase
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  *Virus
       Replication/DRUG EFFECTS  Zidovudine/PHARMACOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).