Document 0496
 DOCN  M9550496
 TI    HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 does not bind to
       galactosylceramide-expressing rat oligodendrocytes.
 DT    9505
 AU    Parmantier E; Monge M; Yagello M; Cabon F; Demerens C; Gluckman JC; Zalc
       B; Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire, Moleculaire et; Clinique,
       INSERM U, 134, Paris, France.
 SO    Virology. 1995 Feb 1;206(2):1084-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95159420
 AB    It may be postulated that the encephalopathy induced by the human
       immunodeficiency virus HIV-1, in particular, the characteristic myelin
       pallor, may result from binding of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 to
       galactosylceramide and/or its metabolite sulfatide in the plasma
       membrane of oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells in the central
       nervous system. (1) gp120 has been reported to have a high affinity for
       these molecules in vitro. (2) The binding of antibodies to these
       molecules increases intracellular free calcium levels, which may be
       cytotoxic. (3) The binding of gp120 to the CD4 receptor in the immune
       system has the same effect. We have investigated the binding of gp120 to
       rat oligodendrocytes in vitro by indirect immunofluorescence and have
       monitored changes in intracellular free calcium with the
       calcium-sensitive dye INDO-1, in individual oligodendrocytes exposed to
       the glycoprotein. Antibodies against galatosylceramide and sulfatide
       bound to the cell membrane, but gp120 did not. The antibodies also
       increased intracellular free calcium levels in the oligodendrocytes,
       whereas gp120 did not. It, therefore, seems highly improbable that the
       demyelination observed during HIV encephalopathy is a direct cytotoxic
       effect of gp120 on oligodendrocytes.
 DE    Animal  Animals, Newborn  Brain/CYTOLOGY/METABOLISM/VIROLOGY
       Calcium/METABOLISM  Cell Differentiation  Cell Membrane/METABOLISM
       Cells, Cultured  Flow Cytometry  Galactosylceramides/*BIOSYNTHESIS  HIV
       Envelope Protein gp120/*METABOLISM  HIV-1/*METABOLISM
       Oligodendroglia/CYTOLOGY/*METABOLISM/*VIROLOGY  Protein Binding  Rats
       Stem Cells/CYTOLOGY/METABOLISM/VIROLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).