Document 0692
 DOCN  M9550692
 TI    Antibiotic drug allergy in children.
 DT    9505
 AU    Anderson JA; Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Detroit, MI;
       48202-2689.
 SO    Curr Opin Pediatr. 1994 Dec;6(6):656-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95152641
 AB    Cutaneous reactions to penicillin-type antibiotics are usually caused by
       IgE-mediated reactions directed toward the beta-lactam ring (in
       penicillin, ampicillin-amoxicillin, and cephalosporins). These allergic
       reactions may be reliably diagnosed (96% to 99% of the time) with a
       battery of skin tests derived from penicillin. A few individuals have
       been identified in Spain, and now Canada, who react to side chains of
       the beta-lactam antibiotics (and not the beta-lactam ring). Nonallergic
       cutaneous or systemic reactions to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
       (TMP-SMX) are now an emerging problem among HIV-infected patients.
       Life-threatening reactions have been described in HIV-infected infants
       who were rechallenged with TMP-SMX. New 10-day and 48-hour
       desensitization procedures have been used successfully in some
       TMP-SMX-reactive patients. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Lyell's syndrome
       (toxic epidermal necrolysis) are the most serious of the
       antibiotic-associated cutaneous reactions. These reactions may be caused
       by an immune reaction similar to graft-versus-host syndrome.
       Corticosteroids have been shown to be helpful in the management of
       Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Although the mortality of toxic epidermal
       necrolysis is usually high, several children with this disorder have
       been successfully treated in a burn unit.
 DE    Antibiotics/*ADVERSE EFFECTS  Antibiotics, Lactam/ADVERSE EFFECTS  Child
       Drug Hypersensitivity/*ETIOLOGY  Human  Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
       Combination/ADVERSE EFFECTS  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).