Document 0702
 DOCN  M9550702
 TI    New macrolide antibiotics: usefulness in infections caused by
       mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 DT    9505
 AU    Rapp RP; McCraney SA; Goodman NL; Shaddick DJ; Division of Pharmacy
       Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy,; University of Kentucky,
       Chandler Medical Center, Lexington 40536.
 SO    Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Nov;28(11):1255-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95152109
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacology, in vitro activity, and clinical
       use of the new macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin and clarithromycin,
       in the treatment of infections caused by mycobacteria other than
       Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DATA IDENTIFICATION: An English-language
       literature search using MEDLINE (1987-1994), Index Medicus (1987-1994),
       Program and abstracts of the 31st (1991) and 32nd (1992) Interscience
       Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, and bibliographic
       reviews of related textbooks, review articles, and professional society
       publications. STUDY SELECTION: 105 articles were selected. In vitro and
       in vivo reports on the pharmacokinetics, microbiology, pharmacology, and
       effectiveness of clarithromycin and azithromycin were assessed to
       compare their effectiveness and safety. Emphasis was placed on the use
       of these new drugs in treating infections caused by Mycobacterium avium
       complex, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum infections.
       RESULTS: A review of the in vitro activity of the new macrolides
       revealed moderate to very good activity against many strains of
       mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis. Early clinical trials show
       promising results in pulmonary infections, lymphadenitis, cutaneous
       infections, and disseminated infections. CONCLUSIONS: The new
       macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin, show great promise for
       treating infections caused by these acid-fast bacteria. Clarithromycin
       is recommended as a component of combination therapy for the treatment
       of M. avium complex infections in patients with AIDS. The development of
       resistance in patients, particularly when these agents are used alone,
       has been reported.
 DE    Antibiotics, Macrolide/*THERAPEUTIC USE  Azithromycin/THERAPEUTIC USE
       Bacteremia/DRUG THERAPY/MICROBIOLOGY  Clarithromycin/THERAPEUTIC USE
       Comparative Study  Drug Synergism  Erythromycin/THERAPEUTIC USE  Human
       Microbial Sensitivity Tests  Multicenter Studies  Mycobacterium
       Infections, Atypical/*DRUG THERAPY/MICROBIOLOGY  Randomized Controlled
       Trials  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).