Document 0736
 DOCN  M9550736
 TI    Mechanisms of HIV/SIV mucosal transmission.
 DT    9505
 AU    Milman G; Sharma O; Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and
       Infectious; Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
       20892.
 SO    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Oct;10(10):1305-12. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95151368
 AB    The Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and
       Infectious Diseases (NIAID), organized a Workshop on HIV/SIV
       Pathogenesis and Mucosal Transmission on March 14-17, 1994, attended by
       over 300 participants. The purpose of the workshop was to foster
       research in the areas of HIV pathogenesis, mucosal transmission, and
       host factors modulating HIV infection and disease. This article
       summarizes workshop presentations that focused on mechanisms of HIV or
       SIV mucosal transmission. The following are highlights from the
       workshop. The epidemiological data indicating a low probability of
       infection from a single sexual exposure are consistent with observations
       that infectious cell-free or cell-associated HIV could be isolated from
       only 10-57% of semen samples, and that high levels of SIV are required
       for infection by a mucosal route. Several lines of circumstantial
       evidence suggest that an important property of a transmitted HIV or SIV
       is the ability to infect macrophages. A potential mechanism for
       cell-associated mucosal transmission is provided by the observations
       that CD4-negative epithelial cells in culture are efficiently infected
       by direct contact with HIV-infected T cells, and that HIV-infected
       epithelial cells are observed in vivo. Cell-free HIV virions contain
       partial reverse transcripts of viral RNA into DNA, and conditions that
       promote DNA reverse transcripts, such as incubation in seminal fluid,
       increase viral infectivity. Finally, evidence is accumulating that
       transient or abortive infection with short-term recovery of infectious
       virus in blood can occur in the absence of seroconversion.
 DE    Animal  Cervix Uteri/VIROLOGY  DNA, Viral/ISOLATION & PURIF  Female
       Human  *HIV/ISOLATION & PURIF  HIV Infections/*TRANSMISSION  Intestinal
       Mucosa/VIROLOGY  Mucous Membrane/*VIROLOGY  National Institutes of
       Health (U.S.)  Rectum  RNA, Viral/ISOLATION & PURIF  Semen/VIROLOGY
       Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*TRANSMISSION  Support,
       Non-U.S. Gov't  *SIV  United States  Vagina/VIROLOGY  MEETING REPORT
       JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).