Document 0853
 DOCN  M9550853
 TI    The cofactor effect of genital ulcers on the per-exposure risk of HIV
       transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.
 DT    9505
 AU    Hayes RJ; Schulz KF; Plummer FA; Department of Epidemiology and
       Population Sciences, London School; of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
       UK.
 SO    J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Feb;98(1):1-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95165481
 AB    The goal was to estimate the cofactor effect of genital ulcer disease
       (GUD) on the risk of HIV transmission during a single heterosexual
       exposure. The relation between the risk ratio observed in an
       epidemiological study and the per-exposure cofactor effect was
       investigated. Given simple assumptions, we show that observed risk
       ratios are expected to be very much smaller than per-exposure cofactor
       effects and to decrease as the observation period increases. Data from
       longitudinal studies of female commercial sex workers and men in Nairobi
       were reanalysed. The data are consistent with GUD cofactor effects per
       sexual exposure of 10-50 for male to female transmission, and of 50-300
       for female to male transmission. Although subject to wide margins of
       error, these estimates indicate that GUD may be responsible for a high
       proportion of heterosexually acquired HIV infections in sub-Saharan
       Africa, supporting the potential role of STD control as an effective
       intervention strategy against HIV.
 DE    Africa South of the Sahara/EPIDEMIOLOGY
       Chancroid/*COMPLICATIONS/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  Female  Human  HIV
       Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/  *TRANSMISSION
       Male  Odds Ratio  Research Design  Risk Factors  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
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